【作者】 商灵君；

【导师】 张文明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学， 社会学， 2018， 硕士

【副题名】以威海市靖海地区三村为例

【摘要】 荣成市是胶东半岛最东岸的沿海城市,本次研究田野点为荣成市靖海地区内以靖海渔业集团为中心的附近三个渔村。该地区地形以山地丘陵为主,不宜种植粮食,依托优越的地理位置和丰富的海洋资源,海上捕捞成为当地生产特色与经济支柱。改革开放后,当地种植业劳动力从集体生产中解放出来,个体经营的海洋捕捞得到发展,渔民从集体生产开始回归到分散生产的状态。市场机制在刺激高效生产的同时,也产生无序的现象:个体无节制的捕捞和缺乏政府管制导致近海海洋资源日益枯竭,捕鱼经济效益下降,出现一批失海渔民群体。面对资源危机,靖海地区的转型发展以渔民福祉为根本立足点,利用乡村内部人力、技术资源发展远洋捕捞。在此过程中,失海渔民从传统渔民身份转变为职业船员,其职业身份认同和对乡村发展的信心增强留在本土发展的意愿,渔村通过内部力量实现发展转型。本文关注的问题是:1.渔民在集体化到市场经济发展历程中经历怎样的生产、生活变化;2.渔民是如何在资源约束下走向内生发展道路;3.渔民职业化状态的事实与可能路径是什么。围绕这些疑问,笔者对靖海区的三个渔村进行两个月的田野调查,以探究当地渔民内生发展的历程、职业化的路径与事实。本文结论为:第一,内生发展是关注人的发展。渔民收入增加、生活水平的提高是渔村能够实现内生发展的根源。因此,我们可以认为要达到区域内生发展必须首先关注区域内人的发展;第二,资源约束是渔村内生发展转型的临界点。资源的枯竭触发渔村必须改变原有的生产方式,迫使渔村积极利用渔民自身的技术、经验和渔村传统生产文化实现内生发展转型;第三,职业化是内生发展的途径之一,是一个市场为主导的渔民自发性的过程。本文经过对靖海地区失海渔民和渔村发展研究,笔者认为虽然渔村有自身的特殊性,但这种渔民职业化路径以及依靠内部力量的乡村发展模式可以在其他传统村落转型发展中得到借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rongcheng is an eastern coastal city of Jiaodong Peninsula.The subjects of this research are three fishing villages near to Jinghai fishery Group in Rongcheng.This area is mainly mountainous and hilly,thus it is not suitable for grain cultivation.Based on its excellent geographical location and abundant marine resources,marine fishing has become the local production tradition and economic mainstays.After the reform and opening up,the local rural labor was liberated from collective production,and the private fishing business was developed.The fishermen began to return to the state of decentralized production from collective production.Driven by market mechanism,private unrestrained fishing and lack of government regulation,offshore marine resources were exhausted and fishing income was decreased.Fishermen were facing a survival crisis.Jinghai district took fishermen welfare as a fundamental foothold with utilization of rural labor and technical resources in the development of deep-sea fishing road.In this process,the fishermen finished the transform from the traditional fishermen’s identity to the professional crew.Their professional identity and the confidence in the development of the country enhanced the willingness to stay in this district.The fishing village realized the development and transformation through the internal strength.The study issues of this article are: 1.What kind of changes for the fishermen in the course of collectivization to the development of market economy;2.How fishermen survived and went to the endogenous road under the constraint of resources;3.What is the fact and possible path of the professional state for fishermen? Around these questions,the author carried out a field survey of three fishing villages in Jinghai district for two months.The conclusion is as follows: First,endogenous development concerns human development.The increase of fishermen’s income and the improvement of living standard are the root for local villages to achieve endogenous development.Therefore,we can think that we must pay attention to the development of human in the region to achieve the endogenous development.Second,resource constraint is the critical point to the transformation of the endogenous development in the fishing village.The exhausted of resources triggers the change of original production mode to actively take advantage of the internal technology,experience and traditional culture on the road of endogenous development;Third,professionalization is one of the ways for endogenous development.It is a spontaneous process and dominated by the market.The author thinks that although the fishing village has its own particularity,the fishermen’s professionalization path and the rural development mode relying on internal strength can be used for reference.更多还原