【作者】 于晓雨；

【导师】 刁统菊；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学， 民俗学， 2016， 硕士

【副题名】以民间信仰发生、功能论为视角

【摘要】 在山东省荣成市人和镇的最南端,坐落着一个三面环山一面向海的小渔村——院夼村。村民世代以捕鱼为生,从最初艰难的摇橹船时期到远洋捕捞的兴起,渔民的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,但是唯一没有改变的是海上无法预期的风险和身处其中的孤独与恐惧。对海洋的敬畏由此产生,龙王信仰得以生发并不断传承。这一信仰贯穿渔民日常生活,表现为各种禁忌与习俗,并在谷雨节祭海仪式中得以爆发式的集中呈现,所有的活动都体现着对平安与富有的追求。渔民对大海的敬畏和对平安富足的追求使龙王信仰得以产生并相对稳定地传承,随着社会的发展也在发生着适应性的变迁。保一方海域平安的功能是维系信仰存在的根本,民间信仰的功能和发生之间便有了密不可分的联系。这一联系不仅体现在祭海活动中,也与渔民整个的日常生活密切关联。因此民间信仰发生论、功能论的研究需要结合个案进行语境与事件两方面的分析,从而揭示特定民间信仰产生、传承及变迁的动因及规律。本文共分六个部分。绪论部分首先简要叙述本文调查对象的选择及写作的缘起；其次从祭海研究、民间信仰观念与仪式二元论、民间信仰的发生论与功能论视角这三个角度进行学术史梳理,从而引出本文的写作目的及例证意义。第二部分,从自然环境、渔村男人的捕鱼生活和岸上女人的生活世界三个角度诠释龙王信仰的村落语境。第三部分,通过对院夼村信仰体系的描述阐释龙王信仰观念与祭海仪式行为之间的关系。第四、第五部分,主要从祭海仪式前的准备工作和祭海时的仪式场景两个角度对祭海活动进行深描,同时分析伴随整个祭海仪式的发展渔民内心世界的活动,并以发生论、功能论的视角探讨信仰观念在仪式活动中的体现。第六部分结语,从发生论、功能论角度论述民间信仰的产生、发展及变迁的动因及规律,认为正是渔民对于平安富足的功利性追求,促使龙王信仰在当地产生,同时龙王信仰也适应着当地经济、社会的发展,不断做出适应性的改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the southern tip of Renhe town in Rongcheng city of Shandong province there is a small fishing village named Yuankuang, which is surrounded on three sides by mountain while the other one side is facing the ocean. Although great mountains block up the village and the inland, the sea has opened a door for it, a door, which is lead to a wider world. People living in this small village make a live by fishing for centuries. With the progress of fishing techniques the life condition of all fishermen in this village has been proud of the changes. The unexpected risk at sea and the loneliness and dolefulness of the deep-sea fishing, however, is the only thing, which have not changed. Consequently, the awe of the ocean have arouse from the inner world of all fishermen and then the Dragon King belief arouse and handed down from age to age. This kind of worship is throughout the fishermen’s daily life and then is reflected by various taboos as well as customs. Moreover, the Guyu Sea Sacrificial Ceremony, a kind of ritual, which is celebrated in the Chinese traditional agriculture festival called Grain Rain, highlights such kind of belief. All activists in that ceremony imply Fishermen’s desire for peace and rich.It is the awe of the ocean and the pursuit for safeness and prosperous that gave rise to the Dragon King belief and made this belief inherit in generations steady. Meanwhile, such kind of belief changed constantly in order to adapt to the development of society. There is no doubt that the fundamental factor that maintain the existence of the Dragon King belief is that all fishermen believe the Dragon King have the function of protect the people fishing on the ocean. Thus it can be seen that there is a closely relationship between the function and the origin of the folk belief including the Dragon King belief. This relationship is not only embodied in the Guyu Sea Sacrificial Ceremony, but throughout the fishermen’s daily life as well. Consequently, the study of the occurrence theory and functionalist of folk belief need to combine with specific cases, so that we can do a targeted analysis on the basis of the specific contexts and events. It can also help us to reveal the rule of the creation, inheritance, and transition of the folk belief.In this thesis, which is based on a case study of a specific folk belief about the Dragon King belief, there are six parts. The main purpose of this study is discussing and analyzing that folk belief under a special viewpoint of the occurrence theory and functionalist. In the first part of this paper I will introduce the object of my study briefly, present the general situation of the correlational research, and lead to the topic of this thesis.In the second part I will explain the context of the Dragon King belief and its special ritual, Guyu Sea Sacrificial Ceremony, according describe the natural environment, the fishing life of men, and daily life of women in Yuankuang Village. In the third part I want to interpret the relationship between the Dragon King belief and Guyu Sea Sacrificial Ceremony through depict the belief system in Yuankuang village. Then the next two part is the detailed description of the Guyu Sea Sacrificial Ceremony and the inner world of all villagers participating in this ceremony:the forth part is about preparation of the ritual, and the fifth part is regard to the ceremony itself. The last part is in order to summarize the full text and then lead to the purport of this thesis, which is consider that it is the pursue of safe and rich of the fisherman that give rise to the Dragon King belief. Moreover such kind of folk belief changed with the development of the economy and society.更多还原